The Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine follows strict editorial policies to maintain the integrity of published research. The Publisher/Editor holds exclusive responsibility for deciding whether submitted manuscripts will be published. This decision is made in alignment with the Editorial Board’s principles and within the framework of legal requirements, including libel, copyright, and plagiarism laws.

Academic archives serve as a permanent and historical record of scholarly work. Therefore, previously published articles are not subject to modifications or alterations. However, in rare and extreme cases, articles may need to be withdrawn, retracted, removed, or replaced due to ethical violations or errors. All versions of such articles, including those that have been withdrawn, will be preserved in the official archives of the HSPI database. As publishing standards evolve, we will continuously review and refine this policy, incorporating feedback from the academic and library communities.

Withdrawal of an Article

An article withdrawal is applicable only when the manuscript is still in press (accepted but not yet formally published). This process is initiated under the following circumstances:

• Erroneous Submissions: Articles submitted by mistake or duplicated unintentionally.
• Ethical Violations: Multiple submissions, false authorship claims, plagiarism, fraudulent data use, or other breaches of professional ethics.
• Author’s Request: If authors wish to withdraw, they must refrain from submitting the manuscript to another journal during the 21-day review period. If they proceed with submission elsewhere, this withdrawal policy will not be applicable.

Articles accepted for publication but found to contain significant errors or ethical violations will be withdrawn according to journal policies. Withdrawal of an article after submission may incur a charge as follows:

Withdrawal Stage	Fee
Before Plagiarism Check	$0
After Plagiarism Check but Before Peer Review	$349
After Peer Review	$549
At Final Proof Stage	$749

Retraction of an Article

Retraction is considered when ethical misconduct is discovered post-publication. Violations may include:

• Plagiarism
• Fraudulent Authorship or Copyright Claims
• Fabrication or Manipulation of Data
• Unethical Research Practices

Retraction follows industry guidelines set by institutional and research organizations. A retracted article will remain in the database with a visible notice stating the reason for retraction.

Removal of an Article

In extremely rare cases, an article may need to be removed entirely from the database. This will occur only under the following circumstances:

• Defamation: The article contains defamatory content.
• Legal Violation: The content infringes upon the rights of individuals or organizations.
• Court Orders: Legal directives mandate the removal of the article.
• Public Health Risk: The article contains misleading information that could pose a serious risk to public health.

In such cases, a notice will be placed in the database stating that the article has been removed for legal or ethical reasons while retaining the metadata (title and author names).

Replacement of an Article

If an article contains significant errors that could lead to misunderstandings or health risks, the authors may request to replace it with a corrected version. In such cases:

• The original article will be retracted.
• A corrected version will be published with a clear notice.

The retraction notice will remain linked to the corrected article for transparency.

The Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine is committed to maintaining ethical publishing standards and ensuring that scholarly communication remains credible and transparent.