The Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (JCCM) is dedicated to maintaining the highest ethical standards in publishing to ensure integrity, transparency, and credibility in cardiovascular research. All authors submitting to the journal must adhere to ethical guidelines that foster responsible and honest scientific communication.

Authorship and Contribution

All listed authors should have made significant contributions to the research and writing of the submitted manuscript. Authors must:

• Substantially contribute to the conception, design, execution, or analysis of the study.
• Be involved in drafting or critically revising the manuscript.
• Approve the final version before submission.
• Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring accuracy and integrity.

Any individual who does not meet these criteria should be acknowledged rather than listed as an author.

Originality and Plagiarism

The JCCM strictly prohibits plagiarism and duplicate publication. Authors must ensure that:

• All submitted work is original and properly cited.
• Text, figures, and data taken from other sources are appropriately credited.
• No substantial part of the manuscript has been published or is under consideration elsewhere.

Plagiarism in any form, including self-plagiarism and data fabrication, will result in immediate rejection or retraction of the manuscript.

Data Integrity and Transparency

Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of their research data. The journal expects:

• Raw data to be available for editorial review upon request.
• Proper acknowledgment of any modifications made to datasets.
• Transparency in the methodology and statistical analysis.

Any manipulation or fabrication of data will be considered a severe ethical violation.

Conflicts of Interest

All authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence their research, including but not limited to:

• Financial relationships with pharmaceutical or biomedical companies.
• Personal or professional affiliations that could bias the study.
• Any external funding received for the research.

Full disclosure ensures transparency and maintains trust in the integrity of published work.

Ethical Approval and Patient Consent

For research involving human participants, authors must:

• Obtain approval from an institutional ethics committee.
• Ensure compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki or equivalent ethical standards.
• Secure informed consent from all study participants or legal guardians.

Studies involving animals must follow institutional and international ethical guidelines to ensure humane treatment.

Corrections, Retractions, and Reporting Misconduct

The JCCM is committed to correcting errors and addressing ethical concerns promptly. Authors must:

• Promptly notify the editorial office of any significant errors or inaccuracies in their published work.
• Cooperate in issuing corrections or retractions when necessary.
• Report any suspected research misconduct to the journal.

The journal reserves the right to retract articles found to contain ethical violations or unreliable findings.

Submission Declaration

By submitting a manuscript to the JCCM, authors affirm that:

• The manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere.
• All co-authors have agreed to the submission.
• The work adheres to all ethical publishing guidelines.

For any ethical concerns or clarifications, authors are encouraged to contact the editorial office.