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Abstract

Research Article

Evolution of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Gender Difference in Cardiovascular Pathology

Alessandro Zuccalà*

Published: 28 January, 2025 | Volume 10 - Issue 1 | Pages: 008-015

Retracing the evolution of Mineralocorticoid Receptors (MR) obliges us to take an instructive as well as fascinating leap back in time. This journey teaches us that the relationship between MRs and what we consider their natural ligand, aldosterone, has not always been an exclusive one. MRs operated for a very long time in the oceans and, in any case, in an aquatic environment, stimulated by ligands other than aldosterone, and exercising functions that we still do not know well but which were certainly different from those they currently perform in terrestrial vertebrates, where they maintain normal sodium and body fluids. The history of MRs was initially intertwined with that of female sexual hormones, in particular with progesterone, which was one of the first agonists for MRs, before becoming, with the transition to the terrestrial environment, an important antagonist. This initial intertwining could be the cause of the sexual dimorphism that can be glimpsed when these receptors are overstimulated, as emerges from many experimental studies and some clinical data and/or when antagonistic drugs for these receptors are studied. This must be taken into account in the planning of clinical studies, especially randomized controlled trials, in which the presence of the two sexes must always be well balanced and in the interpretation of the results which must always be performed being well aware of the gender of participants. This does not always happen, however.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.jccm.1001204 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Mineralocorticoids; Aldosterone; Progesterone; Sexual dimorphism; Geller syndrome; Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure (SSBP)

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Assistant Professor, UCLAS Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India

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University of Agriculture, Pakistan

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College of Fisheries, CAU(I), Tripura, India

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Leonid Feldman

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Eastern Mediterranean University, Cyprus

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Ekiti State University, Nigeria

Adebukola Ajite

I wanna to thank clinical journal of nursing care and practice for its effort to review and publish my manuscript. This is reputable journal. Thank you!

Wollo University, Ethiopia

Atsedemariam Andualem

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Diaverum: PADC, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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BS, PharmD., MBA, CPHIMS, FHIMSS, Adjunct Professor, Global Healthcare Management, MCPHS University, Chief Strategy Offi cer, MedicaSoft, Senior Advisor, National Health IT (NHIT) Collaborative for Underserved, New York HIMSS, National Liaison, Health 2.0 Boston, Past Chair, Chair Innovation, USA

Helen Figge

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Ph.D, Boston University Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and Knowledge Research Institute, Inc., 2131 Reflection Bay Drive, Arlington, Texas 76013, USA

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Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong

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Palestine College of Nursing, Khan Younis, Gaza Strip, Palestine

Ayman M Abu Mustafa

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Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Akowuah Jones Asafo

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